It was during the Ming Dynasty that full-length novels began to grow in popularity. One well-regarded playwright was Tang Xianzu, who specialized in social satire and romance.
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Writer Feng Menglong had a popular series of humorous short stories that featured palace figures and ghosts and sold well among merchants and educated women. There was a sizable market for fiction, especially for stories written in colloquial language. Reference books were popular, as well as religious tracts, school primers, Confucian literature and civil service examination guides. The Ming Dynasty saw a publishing boom in China, with an avalanche of affordable books being produced for commoners. Ricci was known for embracing Chinese ways, often dressing in silk robes and going by the name Li Matou. Ricci also translated books by Euclid into Chinese, and those proved to be very popular. Ricci learned Chinese, translated Chinese classic literature into Latin and wrote a series of books about the country. Matteo Ricci was a Jesuit priest from Italy who, in 1583, started the first Catholic mission in China. Matteo RicciĬhristian missionaries from Europe also began to enter the country and provided the world with the first glimpses of life in China.
Zhengtong was later released and eventually sat on the throne again under the name Tianshun.
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The government also decided that restoring the Great Wall to its full glory and power was the best use of their money to effectively protect the Ming empire. The Ming government chose to replace the emperor with his half-brother rather than pay a ransom. After several clashes, the Mongols captured Emperor Zhengtong in 1449. The Mongols were a constant threat to the citizens of the Ming Dynasty, and the Great Wall was believed to be the most effective defense against invasion.
Maintenance of the Great Wall of China was not consistent throughout the history of China, and by the time of the Ming Dynasty, it required significant repair work. The Jingdezhen factory became the source of porcelain exports that were extremely popular in Europe, which hoped to replicate the form. Though various colors might be featured on a piece, the classic Ming porcelain was white and blue. Created by grinding china-stone, mixing it with china-clay and then baking until translucent, the technique was developed during the Tang Dynasty, but perfected in the Ming era.Īn imperial porcelain factory was created in Jingdezhen in 1368 to produce wares for the imperial court. One of the best-loved exports of the Ming Dynasty was its porcelain. The period also brought about significant emigration outside of the empire for the merchant class. This was a time of expansion of cuisine, as food like sweet potatoes and peanuts entered China for the first time. Taizu was succeeded by his 15-year-old grandson, but one of Taizu’s sons, Chengzu, ignited a civil war to take the throne.įrom 1405 to 1433, Chengzu launched ambitious flotillas to expand the Chinese tribute system to other countries, sending ships to India, the Persian Gulf and the east coast of Africa, pre-dating European efforts of similar scope.īy 1557, the tribute system was replaced by maritime trade which saw China exporting silk and allowing a European presence in the empire. So deep was his paranoia that he conducted two more such efforts, resulting in another 70,000 killings of government workers, ranging from high government officials to guards and servants.
In 1380, he began an internal investigation that lasted 14 years and brought about 30,000 executions. Taizu was considered a suspicious ruler who transformed his palace guard into a form of secret police to root out betrayals and conspiracies. If his officials did not kneel before him, he would have them beaten. Emperor Taizu’s empire was one of military discipline and respect of authority, with a fierce sense of justice.
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